Unlike copper or iron, timber is a renewable resource. Modern forest
management practices demonstrate that, though the concept is curious 'cause without we first intrude ourselves upon it, forests manage to
manage themselves quite well, thanks very much.
By the 1880’s white folk had been picking over the shores of Lake
Superior for better than 250 years. Etienne Brule first saw the big lake in
1622 or 1623. Father Marquette established a mission at Sault Ste. Marie in
1668. The Hudson’s Bay Company was formed in 1670 and out of their northern
headquarters came to control the fur trade around Superior for nearly 100
years. From there the fabled Voyageurs roamed the big lake far and wide.
Yet save for Indians who lived there, almost no one dared venture far from shore. The wilderness was considered an
impassible wasteland fit only for animals and savages, which were taken by many
as mostly one and the same. Then in 1841 Douglas Houghton documented copper in
the Keweenaw and soon the rush was on.
When white men finally did wander inland, what they found there filled
them with awe: a region so vast and rich as to be “inexhaustible”. This they
believed, even as they proved it untrue and damned quickly, too. At the same
time and for a variety of reasons that destruction was mythologized. These were indeed mighty men engaged to tame
the wilderness, which was both us doing God’s work and (happy coincidence!)
essential to commerce and the building a great nation.
West of Grand Marais MI and south of the Grand Sable Dunes, on the
Kingston Plains a vast forest of old growth White Pine stood on sandy ground. Then Thomas G. Sullivan came to town
and in three years his crews removed 50 million feet of white pine from the
Kingston Plains and areas nearer the lakeshore. Often this work was accomplished
during winter when the heavy logs were sledded over to the base of the Dunes to
await the first barges of spring. At
night men sprayed the snow with water to make ice roads to facilitate transport
of the next day’s work.
Courtesy of the Library of Congress
Come ice out on Superior, crews then hauled their treasure right up the
backside of the Grand Sable Dunes and dropped it piece by mighty piece onto a constructed
wooden logslide leading some 500 feet down to the water and barges gathered there
to haul logs to mills in Grand Marais and Munising. Sometimes, the logs went
down the slide so fast the thing caught fire. Sometimes, instead of bobbing
around on the water at the bottom, the massive logs skipped as much as 200 feet
over the surface of the lake and occasionally crushed those men tasked with
their retrieval.
From the top of the Grand Sable Dunes Logslide
Just like the copper and iron folk want to mine for today is mostly targeted
for sale to China, much of this timber was shipped off to Europe, though a bunch of it
went down to Chicago, which was then being transformed from a devastated town
into a great city after the Fire of 1873.
Others followed Sullivan. The Plains were logged over again and again, finally
abandoned in 1909 and left piled high with “slash”, which is vernacular for
branches and fast drying scraps of wood with no commercial value. All of it
full of resin.
Then came fire and like the loggers it came repeatedly, caused both by lightning and the
hand of man. The last big fire on the Kingston Plains occurred in the 1930’s.
After that the barren landscape fell to rest.
No one knows absolutely why this forest failed to regenerate. Probably
the fires burnt so hot they cooked the resin in the wood and left no seeds to
germinate. Certainly, the poor soil of humus and peat that nevertheless once
supported a mighty old growth forest burnt right down to the sand. What’s true is that more than 110 years after the last logger left the Plains, the
landscape remains a stump field.
During recent decades, some of the place has been replanted, which
accounts for those lines of trees you see on the horizon. But most of what
grows there of its own accord are lichens with the occasional scrub bush thrown
in for good measure. Perversely and/or appropriately, the morning I worked
the landscape the only vehicles to kick up dust along the Adams Trail
were logging trucks, rushing from somewhere to somewheres else. There’s no need
for them to stop anymore, along the Kingston Plains.
Still, for all the evident devastation that surrounded me, I found
sights like this:
And most amazingly, these tender spring flowers finding life from
within a flower pot that’s been stone cold dead for better than a century:
It’s said that “life finds a way”.
No matter how heedless our intrusion upon it, regardless that a given landscape
isn’t what it once was and might remain forever altered by our inveterate
ambition to bend nature to our will, life does indeed find a way.
And on the Kingston Plains, there is proof: